Types of Residential HVAC Systems: A Guide by SS&B Heating & Cooling

Choosing the right HVAC system for your home is crucial to maintaining comfort, energy efficiency, and cost savings. At SS&B Heating & Cooling in Springfield, MO, we understand that every home has different needs, and we’re here to help you make the best choice. Let’s take a look at the most common types of residential HVAC systems, their pros and cons, and what might be the best fit for your home.

1. Standard AC & Furnace Split System

A standard AC and furnace split system is one of the most traditional setups for heating and cooling. It operates by pulling untreated air into the furnace via a blower fan, heating or cooling it, and then circulating it back through the home's ductwork. Typically, these systems use natural gas for heating, but homes without access to natural gas might rely on propane-powered units.

This type of system is efficient and relatively simple to maintain, making it a popular choice in homes across the country. The newer models of natural gas furnaces have an energy efficiency rating of over 90%, which helps reduce utility bills while being environmentally friendly.

Downsides: These systems require ductwork, which may develop leaks over time, leading to inefficiencies or, in rare cases, dangerous carbon monoxide leaks. If you or your family suffer from allergies, forced-air systems can spread dust and other allergens throughout the house.

2. Standard Heat Pump and Air Handler Split System

The standard heat pump and air handler split system is another common HVAC option. This system operates by moving heat between the inside and outside of your home depending on the season. In summer, it pulls heat from inside and releases it outside, while in winter, it pulls heat from the outside air and circulates it inside.

Heat pumps are known for their energy efficiency, especially in moderate climates. They provide both heating and cooling, making them a versatile choice for many homes. Additionally, they have lower operating costs than traditional gas furnaces or electric heating systems.

Downsides: Like the standard split system, a heat pump requires ductwork. Also, in areas with sub-zero winter temperatures, heat pumps can struggle to heat homes efficiently, which require supplemental heating solutions like a furnace or electric air handler.

3. Mini-Split Heat Pump System

A mini-split heat pump system is becoming increasingly popular due to its energy efficiency and zoning flexibility. Unlike traditional systems, mini-splits do not require ductwork. Instead, individual indoor units are installed in specific zones of the home, allowing for independent temperature control in each area.

For homes without existing ductwork, a single mini-split unit is often a cost-effective solution that provides both heating and cooling. It’s also highly efficient, making it an ideal choice for homeowners looking to lower energy costs. However, when installing a multi-ductless mini-split system with multiple indoor units, the upfront cost can increase significantly, though it still offers long-term energy savings.

Downsides: While single mini-split units are typically affordable, multi-ductless systems with several indoor units can have higher installation costs. Additionally, parts may be more specialized, leading to potentially longer repair times. For areas with extreme sub-zero temperatures, mini-splits may require additional heating solutions.

4. Electric Furnace and AC Split System

For homes without access to natural gas or propane, an electric furnace paired with an air conditioning unit might be the most practical option. Electric furnaces are 100% efficient in converting electricity into heat, as all the electricity used goes directly into heating the air. However, the overall cost-effectiveness depends on the price of electricity in your area compared to natural gas or propane.

Downsides: While electric furnaces are fully efficient in converting energy into heat, electricity is often more expensive than gas, which can lead to higher heating costs during colder months. However, in areas with milder winters, electric furnaces can be a cost-effective solution due to their simplicity and lower operating costs during short heating periods.

5. Geothermal Heat Pump Systems

Geothermal Heat Pump Systems are among the most energy-efficient HVAC systems available, using the earth's consistent underground temperature to heat and cool your home. By circulating water through buried pipes, geothermal systems can extract heat from the ground in winter and release heat in summer. This results in significantly lower energy costs, making it a popular choice for environmentally conscious homeowners. Geothermal systems also have a longer lifespan compared to traditional HVAC systems, often lasting up to 25 years with proper maintenance.

Downsides: Despite their efficiency, geothermal systems come with high initial installation costs due to the need for underground piping. This can be especially expensive in existing homes compared to new construction, where installation is more straightforward. Repairs and maintenance for geothermal systems can also be more costly due to the specialized components and labor required. For homeowners who prioritize short-term savings, this option may not be the most cost-effective upfront.

Finding the Right System for Your Home

Choosing the right HVAC system involves balancing your budget, comfort needs, and long-term energy savings. Whether you’re drawn to the luxurious comfort of a boiler with radiant heat or the eco-friendly benefits of a geothermal system, it's important to understand both the advantages and potential downsides.

At SS&B Heating & Cooling, we’re here to help you make an informed decision. We offer expert guidance on a variety of HVAC systems, from heat pumps to furnaces, ensuring that you find the best fit for your home.